What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a serious eye condition that damages the optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain. If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss and blindness. It is often called the “silent thief of sight” because it develops gradually, without noticeable symptoms in the early stages.
What Causes Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is primarily caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP), which damages the optic nerve. This pressure builds up when fluid in the eye (aqueous humor) does not drain properly. However, in some cases, glaucoma can occur even if eye pressure is normal due to poor blood flow to the optic nerve.
Types of Glaucoma
There are several types of glaucoma, but the most common include:
- Open-Angle Glaucoma (Most Common)
- Develops slowly over time.
- No noticeable symptoms in the early stages.
- Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision.
- Angle-Closure Glaucoma (Emergency Condition)
- Happens when the drainage angle in the eye closes suddenly.
- Causes sudden vision loss, severe eye pain, nausea, and headaches.
- Requires immediate medical attention.
- Normal-Tension Glaucoma
- Optic nerve damage occurs even with normal eye pressure.
- Linked to poor blood circulation to the optic nerve.
- Congenital Glaucoma (Present at Birth)
- A rare condition found in infants.
- Symptoms include cloudy eyes, excessive tearing, and sensitivity to light.
Who is at Risk for Glaucoma?
While anyone can develop glaucoma, certain factors increase the risk, including:
✅ Age – People over 40 are more at risk.
✅ Family History – Genetics plays a role; having a relative with glaucoma increases your risk.
✅ Diabetes & Hypertension – High blood sugar and blood pressure can contribute to optic nerve damage.
✅ Prolonged Use of Steroids – Long-term use of corticosteroid medications can increase eye pressure.
✅ Eye Injuries – Trauma to the eye can increase the risk of developing glaucoma.
Signs & Symptoms of Glaucoma
Most types of glaucoma do not show symptoms in the early stages. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
🔹 Gradual loss of peripheral vision (side vision).
🔹 Blurry vision or seeing halos around lights.
🔹 Severe eye pain, headache, or nausea (in acute cases).
🔹 Difficulty adjusting to darkness.
How is Glaucoma Diagnosed?
Glaucoma can only be detected through a comprehensive eye exam, which includes:
👁️ Tonometry – Measures intraocular pressure.
👁️ Ophthalmoscopy – Examines the optic nerve for damage.
👁️ Visual Field Test – Checks for vision loss.
👁️ Pachymetry – Measures corneal thickness, as thinner corneas can increase risk.
Treatment Options for Glaucoma
While glaucoma cannot be cured, early detection and treatment can slow or prevent further vision loss. Treatment options include:
✔️ Prescription Eye Drops – Help reduce eye pressure by improving fluid drainage.
✔️ Oral Medications – Used in some cases to lower intraocular pressure.
✔️ Laser Therapy (SLT, ALT, or Cyclophotocoagulation) – Helps improve drainage of eye fluid.
✔️ Surgery (Trabeculectomy or Shunt Implantation) – Creates a new drainage channel for fluid.
Prevention: How to Protect Your Vision?
👓 Get Regular Eye Exams – The best way to prevent glaucoma-related blindness.
🏃 Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle – Exercise, eat a balanced diet, and avoid smoking.
💧 Protect Your Eyes – Wear protective gear during sports or work.
🩺 Manage Other Health Conditions – Keep diabetes and blood pressure under control.
Visit El-Amin Ophthalmic Center for Your Eye Health!
At El-Amin Ophthalmic Center, we are committed to preserving your vision and preventing blindness. Our team offers advanced glaucoma screening, diagnosis, and treatment to ensure the best eye care for you and your family.
